Drains, Pitot Heat and the Alternate Static Source
Water, ice and insects are what most often stop a pitot or static line from working. Each protective part on the airplane answers one of them.
Name the part that guards against each problem, then select the card to turn it over.
The diaphragms and capsules inside the instruments are thin, and a sudden pressure ruins them. AC 43.13-1B, the FAA advisory circular of acceptable maintenance practices, allows low-pressure air through a line only after the line is disconnected from the instruments. Follow the maintenance manual’s procedure.
Why It Teaches
Each front names a problem the student met on the pages before: water, ice, insects, a blocked port. Naming the protection before turning the card is a retrieval attempt, not a click to read. Practice testing was rated high utility in a large review of study techniques (Dunlosky and colleagues, 2013).
Placed before the teaching, the same front works as a small pretest. Reviewed again on a later page or on the field card, the cards space the retrieval.
A flip card fails when the front has nothing to answer ("Card 1", "Learn more") or when key content lives only on the back. The course rule: key content is never hidden behind a click. Here the protections are also taught in the lesson text; the cards are practice.
Principles
Craft note
How It Is Built
Flip cards are a local part: each lesson carries its own copy, lifted from the best example, and a shared version is listed as a gap in the library. Each card is one real button, so it works by keyboard. aria-pressed says whether it is turned, the hidden face carries aria-hidden, and the label a screen reader hears changes with the face.
Under reduced motion the faces swap with no fade. The cards are one column on a phone, sized to the longer face so the layout does not jump. The one safety rule on the page is the only text in capitals.